Burner-regulation system



1. GOOD. BURNER REGULATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4, 1918.RENEWED MAR.5,1921.

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I BURNER-REGULATION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILEID IAN. 4, 1918. RENEWED MAR. 5, |921.

"Patented f M, 192110 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2` Il l l N l Il I l. GOOD. BURNERREGULATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 4, 191s. IIENEWED MAR.5.192|.

Patentedv Oct. M, 19M.. I 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A TTORI'I/EY JOHN `Gl-OOJD, OF GARDEN' CJITY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GOODINVENTIONS C0., OF

YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

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Continuation in part of application Serial No. 86,455, led March' 24,1916. /Patent No. 1,267,760, dated May 28, 1918. This application ledJanuary 4l, 1918, Serial No. 210,296. Renewed March 45, 1921.

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To all whom t may concern.'

Be it knownthat-lf, JOHN Goon, United States citizen, residing in GardenCity, Long Island, N. Y., have invented the following ldescribedImprovements in Burner-Regulation Systems.

The improvements relate to the automatic regulation of the proportionsof fuel and air i in liquid fuel burners. beingdirected moreparticularly to that type of burner mecha,- nism'in which theproportions to be controlled and maintained are those of an eX- plosivemixture such for example as illustrated in my prior but copendingapplication, Serial No. 86,455, filed March 24C, 1916, and in othertypes of burners using a forced draft supply of combustion-supportingair,

mitting the burner mechanism to be turned up and down, so. to speak, andto any extent desired without departing from the desired proportions 4ordisturbing the ediciency of the heat development or varying the chemicalcomposition of the exhaust product.

' Other objects and various incidental features and uses of the presentlinvention will appear from the description which follows or becomeapparent therefrom to those skilled in this art.

Referring to the drawings- Figure 1 is a general sectional view ofapparatus incorporating the present invention, the several parts thereofbeing purposely arranged for convenient illustration in a single view;(A

Fig. 2 is a top plan of Fig. 1 with parts in section; l

lFig. 3 is a eneral sectional view of a modified form o the invention;and

,Figs. 4e, 5 and t are details of modicanous,

consists of a main casing l supplied with air` from a pipe 2 andcontaining an inner air- .distributing shell 3 and an oil nozzle 4. The

shell contains a central spray nozzle -5A and some of the air passingthrough this nozzle serves to atomize and aspirate the liquid fuel fromthe oil nozzle while the remainder passing through a 'number of veryfine holes 1n the shell wall is sufficient to support or complete' thecombustion of the fuel so that anjintense Haine emerges from the end ofthe burner head into whatever space is to be heated. A spark plug withits electrodes intercepting the lateral edge of the spray, before itmixes Orvis greatly diluted by the combustion-supporting air,`serves toignite the fuel in the type of burner head shown, providing the and thevelocity within the shell are properly correlated. This particularformof burner head is a preferred one for the present invention being thesubject of another copending application, Ser. No. 195,506, filed Oct.9, 1917.- For general burner use in heatimg muiile furnaces,boilers andthe like it is desirably provided with a slight constriction of theflame orificev as indicated at 3, However, and so far as the regulationsystem herein disclosed is concerned, various other types of burners maybe used in place of that shown.

The forced air flow through the burner may be obtained in various waysand in the case of Figs. 1 and 2 is derived from a fan blower 6 drivenby a motor 7. The motor switch 8 is arranged with three or more contactstations; the first, marked a: is a double or split contact adaptedl forsimultaneously energizing the motor and the spark coil of the spark plugin the burner head to produce the ignition sparks. v When the switchhandle is set on thisA first contact, delivery of air and fuelis begunin the burner head and ignitionV is automatically produced therein, thefuel proportions and the flow velocity in the burner being properlycordinated to that end as later described. Movement of the switch handlet'ocontact b continues the motor in action but discontinues thespark andmovement to the last contact c' cuts out resistance from the motorcircuitv as indicated in the diagram of lig. 1 thereby proportions ofair and fuel speeds up the motor to increase the air delivery and hencethe rate of combustion.

The switch may be a controller for the motor as respects its speed andmay be assumed for the purposes of this description, to be theequivalent of any suitable means for regulating or adjusting the rate ofair How to the burner head. In this respect it duplicates the functionof a throttle 9 which in the case of Figs. 1 and 2, controls the suctionintake of the blower. Either the switch or the throttle may be used forcontrolling the rate of air flow, it being understood that the air flowcreates and controls the pressure conditions which move the fuel liquidto the burner head and on that account that the regulation of thethrottle or the switch may be the means of varying the rate ofcombustion as above stated.

When the air source is a fan blower, it may be located at any point inthe path of the air flow, being' located, in Figs. 1 and 2, just in rearof the burner head. It draws o. air from the atmosphere through theintake 10 and past a stream line control body 11 ,which is lifted ordisplaced thereby to an extent proportional to the velocity of inflow.This body is mounted on a staff 11b guided in spider bearings in theintake passage and is rendered extremely sensitive to fluctuations ofair flow by the action of the small wind wheel 13 mounted 4upon it. Thesaid wheel is rapidly revolvedby the air and is purposely made out ofbalance so that it sets up a tremor in the staff 12 which removes anytendency for the latter to stick in its bearings. The wind wheel is thusessentially a shaker or Vibrator and keeps the air control body as wellas other moving parts of the apparatus in a sensitive and mobileconditionnotwithstanding A that these parts are likely to become cloggedwith dirt and dust incoming with the air; Inasmuch as this vibratordevice is 0f great utility in the present construction and has otherthan burner uses, it is regarded as an independent feature and isseparately claimed as such. The air-sustained body 11 is displaced. inthe case in hand, against its gravity only but a spring could beemployed to close or seat it additionally to gravity or instead of it ifdesi/red. The variations in its degree of displacement are accuratelytransmitted through the lever 14 to a liquid fuel metering deviceconstituted in the present case by a tapered pin 15 occupying therestricted outlet passage from a liquid fuel receptacle 16 to the liquiddischarge nozzle 17 of that receptacle. The position of the control bodyand the pin will be understood to be correlated so that for any positionof theformer the liquid discharge from the nozzle 17 will take place ina deinite ratio to the vair flow. This ratio may be constant andn thecase af Some types of burnersthat are electrically ignited, may be madevariable and so as to give a certain richness of the fuel mixture at thestarting speed of the fan which willadapt it to be readily and instantlyignited even though' the fuel bc in a cold state. This may be assumed tobe the case with the burner head illustrated. The automatic regulationof proportions is accurately obtained in the present case by using astraight tapered metering pin and by giving the chamber` wall around thecontrol body 11 a special curvature, as indicated at 11a previouslycomputed to make up for the known characteristics of variation of liquidHow through small orifices.A The restricted outlet controlled by themetering pin is formed in a thimble 18 which is adjustable withreference to the pin by screwing itone way or the other. Such adjustmentregulates the proportion of fuel and air which the apparatus willthereafter automatically maintain. A similar adjustment could be made bychanging the normal position of the air-sustained body 11 with reference`to the lever 14 or the pin 15.

' The liquid nozzle 17 is placed in a lateral discharge chamber 12 orextension from the air intake pipe 12, being therefore in communicationwith the pressure condition caused by the control body 11. The liquidreceptacle 16 which supplies this nozzle, through the .metering devicesabove described, is kept with a constant liquid level by means of afloat valve or other means not shown and with its interior atatmospheric pressure by reason of a vent to atmosphere marked 19 in Fig.2. The level in the chamber, in the system of Figs. 1 and 2, is close to'and only slightly below the level of the -orifice of nozzle 17. Liquiddelivery takes tacle l16 is always at the pressure of the air enteringthe entrance 10 and the nozzle 17 is at that of the air after havingpassed the control body; the difference of pressure on opposite sides ofthe control body produces the liquid flow. The difference is constantwhen the control body is gravity seated as in the present case andtherefore the flow occurs under the equivalent of a constant head` therate being varied solely by movement of the metering device. Thedischarged and measuredliquid falling into the chamber 12a is conductedtherefrom and separately from the air flow in the air pipe 12 by meansof the transfer pipe 20, which latter pipel conducts it straight withoutadmixture with air to the burner nozzle 4 o r to whatever device 1semployed for preparing the liquid for combustion with the air. Movementof the liquid through this transfer pipe is pronaeaaao duced, in thesystem of Figs. 1 and 2, solely by the aspirating effect of the spraynozzle 5 but can obviously be supplemented by a gravity head if desired,depending upon the relative levels of the chamber 12a and the burnerhead. The throttle 9, which controls the rate of combustion as alreadyexplained, is a butterfly valve, so-called, consisting of a singlecircular disk with offset vanes and with its axle located in the planeof a longi# tudinal central partition 21, so that one vane is located inthe compartment on each side of the partition. ln this location the airflow has no tendency to turn the throttle on its axis and the valve istherefore balanced and thereby admirably adapted for sensitive controlby thermo-static action. For this purpose its crank arm 22 is shownconnected to a rod 23 which may be assumed. to be a thermostat or thestem of one, the active element thereof being omitted from the drawingbut understood to be located where it will experience the temperatureproduced by all) the burner. The same rod 23 may also be assumed to be amanual control element in which case it could be provided with a dashpot as shown in the drawing, especially if the pipe 20 is ofconsiderable length, in which case it serves to prevent changes in theair flow so abrupt as' to become effective in the burner beforecorresponding changes at the measuring point have become eective at thefuel nozzle.

It will be apparent that with the organization above described theproportions may be maintained constant notwithstanding that either theipe 20 or 2 may be subjected to considerab e heating which is, sometimesdesirable to facilitate the movement or the vaporization of certainliquid fuels. Both of these pipes may be of any length required by theconditions of installation, the same being also true of the intake pipe.The metering device should be located in a position of substantiallyconstant temperature to avoid change of proportion from change ofviscosity due to temperature and it will be observed that the inventionprovides the means whereby such device can be located at any suitableposition without in any way affecting the operation of the system as awhole. The control body wherever located, will serve to establish apressure difference and its position will control the fuel delivery.

Fig. 3 shows the samepprinciple as above described but in the formwherein the fan blower is located at the entrance to the intake pipe 12and in which the entire system is operated above atmosphericv pressure.lin thisform the liquid fuel receptacle 16 is subject to the airpressure below the air-sustained body 11 through a pressure pipe 25 andthe discharge chamber 12EL is at the pressure-greater thanatmospherezedetermmed ylevel in the liquid receptacle.

movement of liquid to chamber 12a takes place under the same. pressuredifference as above described and so that the movement of the measuredliquid through the transfer pipe 20 occurs in part by reason of thepressure acting upon it rather than solely by the aspirating suction`ofthe air jet in the b urner. In, fact, in this form, the aspiratingeifect need not be relied upon at all, the pressure in chamber 12a beingsufficiently above that in the burner head to give adequate flow andeven to lift the fuel to some considerable distance above the constant0n this account the lparticular type of burner head taken forillustration can be equipped with a very reliable and eliicient type ofspraying means, as presentlylexplained.

The adjustment of proportions in this pressure system may be made by theadjustment of the thimble 18, as already described, but it may also beaccomplished by varying the capacity of a small vent to atmosphere inthe pressure pipe 25, such vent being provided in a valve 27, and beingnormallyopen s0 as to permit a small quantity of air constantly toescape yto atmosphere. By' closing such valve more or less the pressurein the` liquid receptacle 16 may be varied accordingly and up to amaximum in which the vent will be substantially closed and the fullpressure of the blower exerted on the liquid.

'Fig 4 illustrates the special fuel spraying means above referred to.The fuel nozzle 26 terminates just within the air distributing shell andis provided'with a fine needle orifice, such as would be made by4 a No.68 drill or even liner. The liquid fuel in the transfer pipe 20 is underpressure sufficient to discharge .a slenderr solid needle of liquid fromthis orifice into the path of the air jet from the nozzle 5. whichshatters it into an extremely fine mist, particularly well suited forelectric ignition and not at all subject `to disarrangement by slightvariations in the relative position of the air jet. The latter may issuefrom a relatively large orifice in `the air nozzle 5, suchl as would bemade b v a No. 40 or 50 drill. The reliability and effectiveness of itsatomizing' action without need of specially accurate adjustment verymaterially simplifies manu.- l

j Fig; 4 also illustrates that :the regulation of the combustion ratemay take place at the air distributing shell in the burner head insteadof 1n the intake4 pipe as in the preceding figures. The rotary sleeve 27mounted upon and around the said shell 3, is perforated in registry Withholes in the latter and subject to slight rotary adjustment by a Fig. 6illustrates the air pipe 2 of lfig. 1,'

subject to the heat of the burner prior to its entrance thereto, thesaid pipe being indicated as formed into a coil 2a around the flame forthat purpose, but this means of heating the air is merely illustrativeof any other suitable means of heat exchange that ,might b e used.

Claims:

1. A forced combustion system for liquid fuel comprising a burnermechanism, an air pipe, means for creating a regulable flow ofcombustion supporting air 'through the same to said burner mechanism, aliquid fuel receptacle having a discharge nozzle opening into a space orchamber in communication with said air pipe so as to be subject to thepressure condition therein and a transfer pipe conducting liquid fuelfrom said chainber separately from the air flow in said air pipe to saidburner mechanism, the said parts being organized and arranged todischarge liquid fuel vto said transfer pipe in a' predetermined andsubstantially constant proportion to the rate of air flow in said airpipe.

2. The combustion system identified `in claim 1 having a metering'device for the liquid fuel operated by a body in the air How which issustained atdifferent positions of displacement in proportion to therate of iiow. r

3. The system identified in claims 1 an 2 in which the metering deviceoperated by a body in the air-flow comprises a straighttapered liquidmetering member and the coacting seat portion for said body is speciallycurved With relation to said body to maintain constant vproportion offuel and air for different rates of flow.

L.lf-The system identified in claim 1 in which the air flow is providedby a fan type blower intervening between the liquid discharge chamberand the burner mechamsm. i

5. In the system identified in claim l, elec-y tric ignition means inthe burner mechanism, an electrically driven fan for furnishing the. airflow to the mechanism and a singlev switch device for controlling both..A

6. In the system identified/n claim 1, a

throttle disposed in the air pipe between the said liquid dischargechamber and the point of mixture of the liquid fuel with the air fromsaid pipe.v

7. The system identified in claim 1, in which the proportions of fueland air and the manner of their mixing in the burner mechanism arecorrelated to permit electric ignition of the fuel and in which the airsupply is produced by an electric motor adapted to run at such speed asto produce a flow velocity in the burner mechanism suitable to permitsuch ignition, and in which the ignition means is automaticallyenergized When the said motor is set to run at the speed referred to. j

8. The system identified in claim 2 in which the liquid fuel. receptacleis subject to the same pressure as exists on the entrance side of saidair-sustained body, the discharge nozzle from said receptacle being onthe burner side of said body whereby the liquid is discharged vby virtueof the pressure depression produced by said body.

9. 'A fuel and air proportioning device comprising an air-sustained bodyinterposed in the air flow through said device and means for shaking orvibrating said body to reduce its tendencyv to stick.

10. A fuel and air proportioning device comprising an air-sustained bodyinterposed in the air flow through the same and an airoperated memberadapted to impart vibration to said device.

` 11. A fuel and air proportioning device comprising moving measuringparts and an unbalanced Wind Wheel disposed in the air flou7 throughsaid device and adapted to impart vibration thereto.'

12. The combination with a pipe, of a throttle therein comprising asingle disk and a pivotal mounting therefor, a central longitudinalpartition in said pipe occupying the plane ,of the pivotal axis of saidmounting and the vanes of said disk on oppositesides of the partitionbeing of substantially equal area, whereby the disk is balanced.

13. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner with a liquid fuel nozzleand an air pipe leading to the burner having an airsustained controlbody therein, in .combination with a liquid fuel supply receptacle having means for delivering liquid to said nozzle and arranged to dischargesaid liquid by virtue of the difference of pressure on op posite sidesof said body, means whereby the position of said body regulates the saiddischarge, and a transfer pipe conducting the so discharged liquid tothe burner.

14. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner, an air pipe connected toit, means for creating an adjustablerate of air flow therethrough tosaid burner, a body adapted to be variably displaced by lsaid air iow, a

vliquid fuel chamber having its liquid outlet 'naoaao burner and.adapted to deliver liquid in proportion tothe air flow withoutsubstantial mixture'with the air at said outlet, a transfer pipe havingits opening within said air pipe and receiving the liquid fromsaidoutlet and conducting the Same separately from the air pipe to formthe mixture in said burner, and means whereby a diderence of pressure ismaintained between the ends of said transfer pipe to move the fueltherethrough.

15. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner, an air pipe and means forcreating an adjustable rate of air How therethrough to Said burner, abody adapted to be variably displaced by said air flow, a liquid fuelchamber having its liquid outlet within said air pipe between said bodyand burner and adapted to deliver liquid in proportion to the airA Howbut without mixing withthe air atsaid outlet, a transfer pipe having itsopening within said air pipe and receiving the liquid from said'outletand conducting A the same separately from the air pipe to form the turein said burner, means whereby -afdijderenc'e of pressure is maintainedbetween the ends of saidl -transfer pipe to move the fuel therethroughand means for heating one of said pipes between the said liquid outletand the burner.

16. A forced draft liquid fuel combustion system comprising an air pipe,means for creating a forced dow of combustionsupporting air through thesame to a burner, and means for varying said How, said burnercomprisinga liquid nozzle and an air-jet nozzle arranged to aspirateliquid fuel from a. liquid nozzle and a chamber for distributing andmixing the combustion-supportingy air withvthe aspirated fuel, incombination with means for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel nozzle andregulating devices for said means controlled by the air Howindependently of theeaspirating action of the airjet and automaticallymaintaining the rate of fuel supply in a predetermined-proportion to thea1r How. I

ln testimony whereof, ll have signed this specification.

mnu econ.

